目的 对2013—2022年新疆克拉玛依市0～6岁儿童保健和健康状况进行分析，为促进克拉玛依市儿童保健管理工作提供参考依据。方法 对2013—2022年新疆克拉玛依市0～6岁儿童保健和健康情况年报表相关指标进行分析，采用χ2检验对5岁以下儿童、婴儿及新生儿死亡率、6个月以内婴儿母乳喂养率、纯母乳喂养率、0～6岁儿童健康管理率、3岁以下儿童系统管理率、新生儿访视率、5岁以下儿童营养情况等指标分别进行单因素分析。结果 2013—2022年新疆克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童、婴儿及新生儿死亡率均逐年降低，差异均有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=36.656、χ²_趋势=32.463、χ²_趋势=38.033，均P<0.001)。0～6岁儿童健康管理率时有波动，2020年最低(95.41%)。3岁以下儿童系统管理率、新生儿访视率、6个月以内婴儿母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率均逐年上升，差异均有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=1 179.752、χ²_趋势=172.109、χ²_趋势=709.559、χ²_趋势=1 731.738，均P<0.001)。5岁以下儿童超重、肥胖发生率逐年上升，2022年超重率最高(20.86%),2021年肥胖率最高(7.74%)。5岁以下儿童贫血患病率自2019年开始逐步下降，但白碱滩区和乌尔禾区的儿童贫血患病率仍然较高，达到了17.70%和15.64%。结论 2013—2022年新疆克拉玛依市0～6岁儿童保健和健康状况良好，但超重、肥胖率较高，需要政府、家庭、医疗机构、学校、社会共同配合，有效预防和减少儿童超重和肥胖的发生。针对克拉玛依市部分地区应进一步分析贫血患病的危险因素，有针对性地开展防治工作。

Objective To analyze health care and health status of children 0–6 years old in Karamay from 2013 to 2022,so as to provide evidence for promoting the management of children’s health care in Karamay.Methods Annual report data of health care and health status of 0–6 years old children in Karamay,Xinjiang from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed.Chi-square test was used to analyze under 5 mortality,infant mortality,neonatal mortality,breast-feeding rate of infants under 6 months old,exclusive breast-feeding rate,health management rate of children aged 0–6 years old,systematic management rate of children under 3 years old,neonatal visiting rate,and nutritional indicators of children under 5 years old.Results Under 5 mortality,infant mortality and neonatal mortality showed a downward trend from 2013 to 2022 in Karamay,Xinjiang (χ²_trend=36.656,χ²_trend=32.463,χ²_trend=38.033,respectively,all P<0.001).The health management rate of children aged 0–6 fluctuated from time to time with the lowest in 2020 (95.41%).The systematic management rate of children under 3 years old,neonatal visiting rate,breast feeding rate of infants under 6 months old and exclusive breast feeding rate all increased year by year (χ²_trend=1 179.752,χ²_trend=172.109,χ²_trend=709.559,χ²_trend=1 731.738,respectively,all P<0.001).The incidences of overweight and obesity among children under 5 were increasing year after year,with the highest rate of overweight (20.86%) and obesity (7.74%) in 2022 and 2021.The prevalence of anaemia among children under 5 had been decreasing since 2019,but it was still high in Baijiantan District and Wuerhe District,reaching 17.70%and 15.64%,respectively.Conclusion Health care and health status of children aged 0–6 years in Karamay,Xinjiang from 2013 to 2022 are in good condition,but the incidences of overweight and obesity are high.The cooperation of government,families,medical facilities,schools and society is needed to effectively prevent and reduce the incidences of childhood overweight and obesity.The risk factors of anemia in some areas of Karamay should be further analyzed,and targeted prevention and treatment should be carried out accordingly.