目的了解多民族大学一年级(大一)新生的焦虑抑郁状况,分析其可能的影响因素,为未来有针对性开展心理健康教育和干预提供依据。方法用整群抽样方法,入选北京某高校2014级全部本科新生进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)自填问卷调查。结果调查对象的焦虑和抑郁检出率分别为9.7%和15.5%。焦虑合并抑郁检出率为5.47%。SAS平均分为(39.66±7.23);SDS平均分为(42.86±8.84),焦虑和抑郁平均分均高于全国常模(P<0.05)。东部省份学生焦虑总分(38.59±7.33)低于中部省份学生(39.49±7.6),西部省份学生焦虑总分最高(40.18±6.91)。差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 1)。蒙古族学生的焦虑总分(38.21±6.77)低于其他民族学生,且不同民族学生焦虑总分有统计学差异(P=0.005)。男性抑郁和焦虑检出情况均高于女性,南方学生抑郁和焦虑检出情况均高于北方,但差异没有统计学显著性。结论大一入学这一生活事件和民族性格特质是引起多民族大学生焦虑抑郁可能的影响因素,应在入学之初有针对性地开展心理健康教育,并进行积极的心理疏导,帮助多民族新生顺利度过大一适应阶段,开始大学生活。

Objective To learn the anxiety and depression conditions of ethnic minority freshmen and possible effect factors,which would provide the foundation to develop targeted mental health education and intervention programs in the future. Methods All freshmen of class 2014 of a university in Beijing have been selected using the cluster sampling method and were tested by Self-rating Anxiety Scale( SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale( SDS). Results The anxiety and depression incidence were 9. 7% and 15. 5% respectively. The incidence of anxiety-depression combo was 5. 47%. The average score of SAS was 39. 66 ± 7. 23 and the average score for SDS was 42. 86 ± 8. 84. Both figures were higher than the national norm( P < 0. 05). Students for the southern area had lower SAS scores( 38. 59 ± 7. 33) than those from the center area( 39. 49 ± 7. 6),while students from the eastern area had the highest scores( 40. 18 ± 6. 91). The difference was statistically significant( P = 0. 000 1). Inner-Mongolian students had lower SAS scores( 38. 21 ± 6. 77) than other ethnic minority groups and the difference of SAS scores was statistically significant among ethnic minority groups( P = 0. 005). Male students have higher anxiety and depression incidence than female students,while students from southern area had higher anxiety and depression incidence than those from northern area. However,the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion College entrance as a life event,together with the character of ethnic minority groups,may be the possible factors influencing the anxiety and depression conditions of ethnic minority freshmen. It is necessary to carry out mental health education and positive psychological counseling at the beginning of enrollment to help ethnic minority freshmen pass through the adaptation Period and start college life.