目的 探讨家庭关怀、产妇人格特质对产后抑郁的影响，以及社会支持在产后抑郁与家庭关怀之间的中介作用。方法 采取便利抽样法，于2021年6月—2023年8月以一般情况调查问卷、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷、埃森克人格问卷、社会支持评定量表对安徽省宿州市多家医院住院分娩的440例产妇进行问卷调查，回收有效问卷415份。采用Spearman相关分析法分析产后抑郁与产妇人格特质、家庭关怀及社会支持的相关性；并采用Bootstrap检验法进行社会支持的中介效应检验。结果 在415例产妇中，有140例产妇的产后抑郁得分≥10分，即产后抑郁发生率为33.73%，其中初产妇抑郁发生率为17.59%，经产妇为16.14%。140例有产后抑郁倾向产妇的产后平均抑郁得分为（12.95±2.04）分，家庭关怀得分、社会支持总分、内外倾向与产后抑郁得分均呈负相关（均P <0.05）；精神质、神经质及掩饰性得分与产后抑郁得分均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。Bootstrap检验结果显示，社会支持在家庭关怀和产后抑郁间的中介效应为-0.047(95%CI：-0.107～-0.010)，占总效应量的5.9%。结论 产后抑郁与产妇人格特质、家庭关怀及社会支持均密切相关，社会支持在家庭关怀和产后抑郁间起部分中介作用，临床工作者应注重观察产妇的情绪变化，在社会支持与家庭关怀方面开展积极的健康教育。

Objective To explore the effect of family care and personality traits on postpartum depression, and the intermediate effect of social support. Methods A total of 440 puerperas who experienced hospital delivery at several hospitals in Suzhou, Anhui Province were recruited from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2023. Questionnaires including content of general information, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS), Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve Index(APGAR), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) were distributed to them. A total of 415 valid questionnaires were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between postpartum depression and personality traits,family function and social support. Bootstrap test was used to analyze mediating effect for social support. Results Among 415 cases,140 cases had postpartum depression scores ≥ 10 points, the incidence of postpartum depression was 33.73%. The incidence of postpartum depression was 17.59% among primiparas and 16.14% among multiparas. The average postpartum depression score of those140 cases was(12.95 ± 2.04), which was negatively correlated with the scores of APGAR, SSRS, and EPQ-E(P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the scores of EPQ-P, EPQ-N and EPQ-L(P < 0.05). The result of Bootstrap test showed that the mediating effect of social support on the association between family function and postpartum depression was-0.047(95% CI:-0.107--0.010),accounting for 5.9% of total effect. Conclusion Postpartum depression is closely associated with women's personality traits, family care and social support. Social support plays a partial mediating role on the association between family care and postpartum depression.Clinical workers should pay attention to emotional changes of pregnant women and actively carry out health education on social support and family care issues.