目的探讨陕西农村更年期妇女潮热症状的发生情况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法抽取陕西省陕南、陕北、关中5个县的825名40~60岁农村妇女进行问卷调查,在回收的问卷中,790份问卷合格,合格率达95.8%。结果①陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率为55.7%(440例),潮热发生的平均年龄为(47.45±6.55)岁,平均持续时间为(3.58±2.76)年。在潮热妇女中轻、中、重度潮热分别占48.2%(212例)、42.9%(189例)和8.9%(39例),潮热发生至少每日1次者占35.5%(156例)。②潮热组与无潮热组妇女在年龄、婚姻状况、职业、收入、月经不调、饮食、乳制品消费、吸烟、饮酒量及更年期知识的获得方式等因素无关(P>0.05)。潮热组与无潮热组妇女比较,潮热组文化程度偏低(χ2=37.613,P<0.01),生产次数(χ2=9.391,P=0.02)、食用豆制品(χ2=12.724,P<0.01)、体育锻炼(χ2=44.730,P<0.01)、对更年期的了解(χ2=46.202,P<0.01)较无潮热组少,家人对妇女的态度(χ2=16.343,P<0.01)较无潮热组差,性生活满意度(χ2=10.518,P<0.01)较无潮热组低,身体质量指数(χ2=8.109,P=0.02)和腰臀比(χ2=20.469,P<0.01)较无潮热组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③农村更年期妇女的文化程度与潮热程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论陕西农村妇女更年期潮热的发生率相对较高;其文化程度、生育情况、豆制品食用情况、是否体育锻炼、对更年期认识程度、性生活情况、家人对更年期妇女的态度、身体质量指数和腰臀比等因素与潮热症状的发生有关。

【Objective】The incidence and effective factors of hot flashes were surveyed in rural menopausal women of Shaanxi province.【Methods】825 rural women aged 40-60 were selected from five counties in South, North and Guanzhong areas of Shaanxi province with multi-stage cluster sampling method.In the recycling questionnaire,790 questionnaires were qualified,95.8% pass rate.【Resluts】 ① The incidence of hot flashes was 55.7%(440 cases) in rural menopausal women, among which 48.2%(212cases)of women with mild hot flashes, 42.9%(189cases) with moderate hot flashes and 8.9%(39cases)with severe hot flashes.The mean age was(47.45±6.55) years old among the women occurred hot flashes. Women with hot flashes more frequently account for 35.5%(156cases). ② There were no different in age, marital status, professional, income, menstruation, diet, dairy consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption and the way to obtain knowledge of menopause(P>0.05). But education level(χ2=37.613,P<0.01)and sexual satisfaction in hot flashes group(χ2=10.518, P<0.01) was lower than women without hot flashes; The consumption of soy products(χ2=12.724, P<0.01), production number(χ2=9.391, P=0.02), physical exercise(χ2=44.730, P<0.01)and understanding of menopause(χ2=46.202,P<0.01) in hot flashes group was less than those without hot flashes group; The attitude of family members to women worse than those without hot flashes group(χ2=16.343, P<0.01); BMI(χ2=8.109, P=0.02) and WHR(χ2=20.469, P<0.01) was higher in hot flashes group than women without hot flashes, the difference was significant(P<0.05). ③ The educational level of rural menopausal women and the hot flashes of menopause and the understanding of menopause were significant negative related with the degree of hot flashes.【Conclusions】The incidence of hot flashes in rural menopausal women of Shaanxi province show relatively high. The factors associated with hot flashes of rural menopausal women include education, fertility, soy products consumption, physical exercise, understanding of menopause,sexual condition, the attitude of family members to women, BMI and WHR.