| 440 | 2 | 424 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
呼吸道病毒是婴幼儿群体中常见的感染性病原体，其所导致的发病和死亡给家庭和社会造成巨大的疾病负担。一般性预防措施和疫苗、单克隆抗体等特异性预防手段的结合，能有效阻止呼吸道病毒传播，降低婴幼儿的患病风险。目前，公众对婴幼儿等弱势群体呼吸道疾病预防的关注度日益提高。国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心、中华预防医学会儿童保健分会组织专家制定本指南，旨在增强各级医疗卫生机构医务人员对婴幼儿呼吸道病毒感染性疾病的预防意识和专业技能，促进其积极采取综合防控措施，推广有效的创新技术和预防手段，以实现对婴幼儿广泛、高效和长期的保护，提升儿童远期健康水平。
Abstract：Respiratory viruses are common infectious pathogens in infants, causing significant disease burden on families and society due to their morbidity and mortality. The combination of general preventive measures and specific preventive measures such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies can effectively prevent the spread of respiratory viruses and reduce the risk of illness. At present,the public's attention to the prevention of respiratory diseases among vulnerable groups such as infants is increasing. The National Center for Women and Children's Health, NHC, PRC and the Child Health Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association organized experts to develop this guide, aiming to enhance the prevention awareness and professional skills of medical personnel at all levels of medical institutions on infant respiratory virus infectious diseases, actively take comprehensive prevention and control measures, promote effective innovative technologies and prevention methods, achieve extensive, efficient and long-term protection for infants, and improve the long-term health level of children.
[1]World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death[EB/OL].(2024-08-07)[2024-09-10]. https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causesof-death.
[2]GBD 2017 Influenza Collaborators. Mortality, morbidity,and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017:an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet Respir Med,2019,7(1):69-89.
[3]Lin CY,Hwang D,Chiu NC,et al. Increased detection of viruses in children with respiratory tract infection using PCR[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020,17(2):564.
[4]Lei C,Yang L,Lou CT,et al. Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao:a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2021,21(1):306.
[5] Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health(PERCH)Study Group. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia:the PERCH multi-country casecontrol study[J]. Lancet,2019,394(10200):757-779.
[6]Jain S,Williams DJ,Arnold SR,et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U. S.children[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,372(9):835-845.
[7]谢正德，肖艳，刘春艳，等.儿童急性下呼吸道感染病毒病原学2007—2010年监测[J].中华儿科杂志，2011,49(10):745-749.
[8]安雨灵，钟礼立，彭力，等.新冠疫情防控前后湖南省某综合三甲医院住院儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的流行病学特征[J].实用预防医学，2024,31(1):9-12.
[9]Zinkernagel RM. Maternal antibodies,childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases[J]. N Engl J Med,2001,345(18):1331-5.
[10]Di Cicco M,Kantar A,Masini B,et al. Structural and functional development in airways throughout childhood:children are not small adults[J]. Pediatr Pulmonol,2021,56(1):240-251.
[11]王卫平，孙锟，常立文，主编.儿科学第9版[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2018.
[12]Reeves RM,Hardelid P,Panagiotopoulos N,et al. Burden of hospital admissions caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)in infants in England:a data linkage modelling study[J]. J Infect, 2019, 78(6):468-475.
[13]程远，陈德晖，黄向晖，等. 5岁以下儿童喘息性疾病与呼吸道合胞病毒、偏肺病毒、博卡病毒的相关临床分析[J].临床儿科杂志，2014,32(4):339-342.
[14]Chatterjee A,Mavunda K,Krilov LR. Current state of respiratory syncytial virus disease and management[J].Infect Dis Ther,2021,10(Suppl 1):5-16.
[15]国家免疫规划技术工作组流感疫苗工作组.中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南（2023-2024）[J].中华流行病学杂志，2023,44(10):1507-1530.
[16]国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心，中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组，中国医师协会呼吸医师分会儿科呼吸工作委员会，等.儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染诊断、治疗和预防专家共识[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志，2020,35(4):241-250.
[17]谢正德，郑跃杰，卢根，等.预防婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染的人源化单克隆抗体临床研究最新进展[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志，2022,37(7):481-485.
[18]谢正德，申昆玲.儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的免疫预防进展[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志，2021,36(24):1907-1912.
[19]中国医药教育协会儿科专业委员会，中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组哮喘协作组，中国医师协会呼吸医师分会儿科呼吸工作委员会，等.儿童呼吸道病毒感染的非药物干预专家共识[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志，2023,38(6):413-420.
[20] World Health Organization. To grow up healthy,children need to sit less and play more[EB/OL].(2019-04-24)[2024-09-10]. https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-andplay-more.
[21]国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心，中华预防医学会儿童保健分会，徐韬，等.婴幼儿重点呼吸道病毒感染性疾病预防健康教育专家共识[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志，2024,15(1):1-6.
[22]Yang X,Zhao H,Li Z,et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in mainland China:a systematic review and metaanalysis[J]. Vaccines(Basel),2021,9(2):79.
[23]Esposito S,Nauta J,Lapini G,et al. Efficacy and safety of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children aged 6-35months:a global,multiseasonal,controlled,randomized phase III study[J]. Vaccine,2022,40(18):2626-2634.
[24]Nunes MC,Madhi SA. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy for prevention of influenza confirmed illness in the infants:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother,2018,14(3):758-766.
[25]Comeaux CA,Bart S,Bastian AR,et al. Safety,immunogenicity, and regimen selection of Ad26. RSV. preFbased vaccine combinations:a randomized, doubleblind,placebo-controlled,phase 1/2a study[J]. J Infect Dis,2024,229(1):19-29.
[26]Triomphe T,Reic I. FDA approves Beyfortus?（nirsevimab-alip） to protect infants against RSV disease[N/OL].(2023-07-17)[2024-09-10]. https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2023/2023-07-17-17-00-00-2705911.
[27]European medicines agency. Beyfortus[Z/OL].(2024-09-24)[2024-09-10]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/beyfortus.
[28]国家药品监督管理局. 2024年03月26日药品批准证明文件送达信息发布[EB/OL].(2024-03-26)[2024-09-10].h ttps://www.nmpa.gov.cn/zwfw/sdxx/sdxxyp/yppjfb/20240326141535192.html.
[29]Muller WJ,Madhi SA,Seoane Nu?ez B,et al. Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in term and late-preterm infants[J]. N Engl J Med,2023,388(16):1533-1534.
[30]Drysdale SB,Cathie K,Flamein F,et al. Nirsevimab for prevention of hospitalizations due to RSV in infants[J].N Engl J Med,2023,389(26):2425-2435.
[31] Merck. Merck announces topline results from phase 2b/3trial of clesrovimab(MK-1654), an investigational respiratory syncytial virus preventative monoclonal antibody for infants[N/OL].(2024-07-23)[2024-09-10].https://www.merck.com/news/merck-announces-topline-results-from-phase-2b-3-trial-of-clesrovimab-mk-1654-an-investigational-respiratory-syncytial-viruspreventative-monoclonal-antibody-for-infants/.
[32]Pfizer. U. S. FDA approves ABRYSVO?，Pfizer’s vaccine for the prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)in infants through active immunization of pregnant individuals 32-36 weeks of gestational age[N/OL].(2023-08-21)[2024-09-10]. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/us-fdaapproves-abrysvotm-pfizers-vaccine-prevention-0.
[33]Estrella-Porter P, Blanco-Calvo C, Lameiras-Azevedo AS,et al. Effectiveness of nirsevimab introduction against respiratory syncytial virus in the Valencian Community:a preliminary assessment[J]. Vaccine, 2024,42(22):126030.
[34]Obando-Pacheco P,Justicia-Grande AJ,Rivero-Calle I,et al. Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality:a global overview[J]. J Infect Dis,2018,217(9):1356-1364.
[35] Zhang Y,Yuan L,Zhang Y,et al. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections in China:systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Glob Health, 2015, 5(2):020417.
[36]Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Bont L, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze[J]. N Engl J Med,2013,369(8):782-783.
[37]Shi T, Ooi Y, Zaw EM, et al. Association between respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute lower respiratory infection in early life and recurrent wheeze and asthma in later childhood[J]. J Infect Dis, 2020,222(Suppl 7):S628-S633.
[38] Jiang MY,Duan YP,Tong XL,et al. Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection and the risk of wheezing and recurrent wheezing illness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. World J Pediatr,2023,19(11):1030-1040.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2024.05.001
中图分类号:R725.6
引用信息:
[1]徐韬,邓继岿,印根权等.婴幼儿重点呼吸道病毒感染性疾病预防指南[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2024,15(05):1-6.DOI:10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2024.05.001.
基金信息:
中国人口福利基金会婴幼儿呼吸道健康促进与疾病预防综合项目（GJB-2-20230731-284）