目的研究不同母亲分娩年龄、不同胎龄低出生体重儿发生率。方法采用横断面时间段整群抽样现况调查方法,于2005-2006年在深圳宝安区妇幼保健院完成了8372例不同胎龄新生儿体格发育现场测量及其影响因素调查,按母亲分娩年龄分组(18~38岁每增加1岁分一组)、按每个孕周分组(孕28~44周)研究低出生体重儿发生率。结果调查样本8372例,其中低出生体重儿699例,发生率为8.3%(699/8372),体重均值(2.04±0.4)kg;按母亲分娩年龄18~38岁分组的低出生体重儿发生率数据显示,在27~32岁年龄段低出生体重儿发生率低于其前、后年龄段,呈现分娩年龄的两头高中间低的特征。16~26岁、27~32岁、33~44岁3个年龄段低出生体重儿发生率分别为9.2%(369/3991)、7.0%(230/3278)、9.1%(100/1103)(P=0.002)。孕28~36周出生的低体重儿492例,发生率为61.9%(492/795),体重均值(1.93±0.4)kg;孕37~44周出生的低体重儿207例,发生率为2.7%(207/7577),体重均值(2.29±0.2)kg;两组发生率比较:χ2=3290.272,P=0.000,差异有统计学意义。结论不同母亲分娩年龄、不同胎龄的低出生体重儿发生率存在差异。母亲分娩年龄是低出生体重儿发生率的重要影响因素。

Objective To study the incidence of low birth weight infant in different delivery age and gestational weeks. Methods Cross-sectional time actual cluster sampling investigation method was used in this study,physical development index were surveyed among 8372 cases with different gestational age,and the influence factors were investigated,these cases were from Bao'an district maternity and child healthcare hospital of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2006. The groups were divided according to the mother's age and delivery age. Results Among the 8372 cases,699 cases were low birth weight infants,the incidence was 8. 3%( 699 /8372),the mean body weight was( 2. 04 ± 0. 4) kg. According to the mother's age group( each year of 18 to38 years old),the incidence of low birth weight infant from 27 to 32 year-old groups were lower than the groups before 27 years old and after 38 years old. It showed the characteristics of high incidence on the two ends,and low incidence in middle site of mother's ager. In the group of 18- 26,27- 32 and 33- 38,the incidence of low birth weight was 9. 2%( 369 /3991),7. 0%( 230 /3278) and 9. 1%( 100 /1103) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( P = 0. 002). There were 492 cases of low birth weight infants who were born at 28- 36 gestational age,the incidence was 61. 9%( 492 /795),and the mean weight was( 1. 93 ± 0. 4) kg. 207 cases of low birth weight infants who were born at 37- 44 gestational age,the incidence rate was 2. 7%( 207 /7577),and the mean weight( 2. 29 ± 0. 2) kg.The difference was statistically significant between the two groups( χ2= 3290. 272,P = 0. 000). Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight was different in different delivery age and gestational weeks. The mother's age is an important influence factor of low birth weight incidence.