目的 研究2021—2023年某省妇幼保健机构的运营效率及变化情况，为提高其运营效率，实现高质量发展提供参考及政策建议。方法 描述某省17家妇幼保健机构投入产出指标的变化情况，采用数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA）的基于投入与产出的规模报酬可变模型（Banker,Charnes,and Cooper model,BCC）和马尔姆奎斯特（Malmquist）指数模型，对2021—2023年某省妇幼保健机构运营效率存在的差异进行静态和动态分析。结果 与2021年相比，2023年3项投入指标中，该省17家妇幼保健机构卫生技术人员总数和业务支出分别上升了1.35%和22.00%，实际开放总床日数（含所有开放床位）下降了6.10%；产出指标中，本机构出院患者总人数、门急诊人次数和医疗服务收入，分别上升了2.02%、15.88%和29.06%。2023年该省17家妇幼保健机构平均综合技术效率值为0.850,6家运营效率DEA有效；2021—2023年平均全要素生产率为1.026，总体效率水平较高且整体向好；2023年综合技术效率极差为0.407，全要素生产率极差为0.352，机构间发展差异明显。结论 该省妇幼保健机构仍有较大发展空间，各机构应加强专业人才队伍建设，积极调动医务人员的积极性，创新机构管理模式、优化医疗资源配置及医疗服务流程，提升信息化水平，以促进妇幼保健机构高效率运转和高质量发展。

Objective To study the operational efficiency and its changes in maternal and child health(MCH) institutions in a province from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide evidence and policy recommendations for improving their operational efficiency and achieving high-quality development. Methods Changes in input and output indicators of 17 MCH institutions in a province were described. Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) based on Banker, Charnes, and Cooper(BCC) model and Malmquist index model were used to conduct static and dynamic analysis of the differences in operational efficiency of MCH institutions from 2021 to 2023.Results Compared with 2021, 3 input indicators in 2023 such as total number of health technical personnel and business expenditure in the entire hospital increased by 1.35% and 22.00%, while the actual total bed-days available(including all open beds) decreased by6.10%; 3 output indicators in 2023 such as the total number of discharged patients, outpatient and emergency visits, and medical service income increased by 2.02%, 15.88%, and 29.06% respectively. In 2023, the average comprehensive technical efficiency value of the 17MCH care institutions in the province was 0.850, with 6 out of the 17 institutions operating with DEA efficiency. The average total factor productivity from 2021 to 2023 was 1.026, indicating a high overall efficiency level and a general positive trend. The range of comprehensive technical efficiency among 17 MCH care institutions was 0.407, and the range of total factor productivity was 0.352,which were significant different in institutional development in 2023. Conclusion Development of MCH institutions in the province needs to be improved. Each institution should strengthen the building of professional talent teams, actively motivate medical staff,innovate institutional management models, optimize allocation of medical resources and service processes, enhance the level of informatization technology, so as to promote efficient operation and high-quality development of MCH institutions.