目的 探讨不同营养状态下婴幼儿体成分差异，为婴幼儿的营养及健康评价提供参考。方法 选取2020年9月—2022年12月在广西柳州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科健康体检的2 307名婴幼儿为研究对象，根据婴幼儿的不同月龄及营养状态（消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖）进行分组，对不同组别间婴幼儿体成分检测各项指标进行分析，比较不同性别、年龄层及营养状态下婴幼儿体成分差异。结果 婴幼儿中男童的身长、体重及身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、瘦体重、总水分含量均高于女童（均P <0.05）；女童的脂肪量、营养指数、基础代谢率及体脂指数均高于男童（均P <0.05）。女童脂肪含量随年龄增长而增长（P <0.05），男童脂肪含量无明显年龄差异（P> 0.05）；男女童的BMI、预测指数、体脂指数随年龄增长而下降（P <0.05），瘦体重、总水分、基础代谢率随年龄增长而增长（P <0.05）。不同营养状态下男女童在脂肪含量、瘦体重、总水分、基础代谢率、BMI方面的比较差异均有统计学意义（均P <0.05），预测指数及相位角的变化与婴幼儿营养状况无明显相关性（均P> 0.05）。结论 婴幼儿的体成分部分指标在不同性别、年龄层及营养状态下存在明显差异，对其进行分析可为预测肥胖及营养不良等营养性疾病的发生提供参考，并为早期制定干预策略及营养指导提供依据。

Objective To explore the difference of body composition in infants under different nutritional status, so as to provide evidence for nutrition and health evaluation of infants. Methods A total of 2 307 infants who received health examination at Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from September 2020 to December 2022 were recruited as study subjects. They were divided into different groups based on various months of age and nutritional status(wasting, normal, overweight, obesity). The indicators of body composition under different gender, age and nutritional status were compared between groups. Results The body length, body weight and body mass index(BMI), lean meat mass and total water content of boys were higher than those of girls(all P < 0.05), while the fat mass, nutrient index, basal metabolic rate(BMR) and body fat index of girls were lower than those of boys(all P < 0.05). Fat content of girls increased with age(P < 0.05), while there was no age difference of boys(P > 0.05). BMI, predictive index, and body fat index of both boys and girls decreased with age(P < 0.05), while lean meat mass, total water content, and BMR of them increased with age(P < 0.05). There were significant differences in fat content, lean meat mass, total water content, BMR, and BMI between boys and girls under different nutritional states(all P < 0.05). Changes of prediction index and phase angle were not associated with their nutritional status(all P > 0.05). Conclusion The body composition indexes of infants are different in different gender, age group and nutritional status. The analysis can provide evidence for predicting the occurrence of nutritional diseases such as obesity and malnutrition, and early development of intervention strategies and nutritional guidance.