目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)农村地区6月龄婴儿神经心理发育情况,并探讨其相关影响因素,为制定区域性早期干预策略提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法选取8个县作为研究现场,对680名6月龄婴儿及其母亲进行问卷调查,采用年龄与发育进程问卷-第3版对婴儿神经心理发育情况进行筛查。采用二元logistic回归分析对新疆农村地区6月龄婴儿神经心理发育异常的影响因素进行分析。结果 新疆农村地区6月龄婴儿神经心理发育异常率为25.1%(171/680)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,低出生体重(OR=7.940,95%CI:3.751～16.809)、巨大儿(OR=6.655,95%CI:3.895～11.371)、混合喂养(OR=2.027,95%CI:1.266～3.247)、人工喂养(OR=8.724,95%CI:2.736～27.819)和联合家庭(OR=2.096,95%CI:1.105～3.978)是婴儿神经心理发育的危险因素;家庭总月收入> 5 000元(OR=0.222,95%CI:0.075～0.655)是婴儿神经心理发育的保护因素。结论 新疆农村地区6月龄婴儿神经心理发育异常率较高,应整合社会、家庭、医疗保健机构的资源,采取针对性的干预措施,以促进新疆农村地区婴儿早期神经心理健康发展。

Objective To investigate the neuropsychological development status of 6-month-old infants in rural areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang) and identify its associated influencing factors, thereby providing evidence-based support for formulating regional early intervention strategies. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select 8 counties as study sites. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 680 6-month-old infants and their mothers. The Age and Stages Questionnaires, 3^th edition(ASQ-3), were used to assess the neuropsychological development of the infants. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of abnormal neuropsychological development in 6-month-old infants in rural areas of Xinjiang.Results The abnormal neuropsychological development rate among 6-month-old infants in rural areas of Xinjiang was 25.1%(171/680). Binary logistic regression analysis found that low birth weight(OR = 7.940, 95% CI: 3.751-16.809), macrosomia(OR = 6.655, 95% CI: 3.895-11.371), mixed feeding(OR = 2.027, 95% CI: 1.266-3.247), artificial feeding(OR = 8.724, 95% CI:2.736-27.819), and extended family(OR = 2.096, 95% CI: 1.105-3.978) were independent risk factors for abnormal infant neuropsychological development. In contrast, a household monthly income > 5 000 yuan(OR = 0.222, 95% CI: 0.075-0.655) served as a protective factor. Conclusion The abnormal neuropsychological development rate among 6-month-old infants in rural areas of Xinjiang is relatively high. It is necessary to integrate resources from society, families, and healthcare sectors, and implement targeted intervention measures to promote the early neuropsychological development of infants in these rural areas.