目的 探究医疗机构儿童学习困难（learning difficulties,LD）门诊的建设现状，为规范化门诊建设提供依据。方法 于2024年9—10月采用方便抽样方法对国内118家开设LD门诊的医疗机构进行线上问卷调查，分析比较不同等级医疗机构LD门诊的建设状况。结果 118家医疗机构中，从事LD门诊的医务人员以康复治疗师为主（35.6%），不同级别医疗机构LD门诊人员构成差异有统计学意义。LD门诊房屋设施以康复/训练室为主（44.3%），平均面积为46.43(16.67,125.00)m2。23.7%的LD门诊使用的评估工具不足10种。开设LD门诊的医疗机构数量从2020年开始增加，2022年增量最大。就诊儿童主要诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）的门诊占96.6%，干预/治疗主要方法为家庭养育指导的门诊占94.1%，开展随访的门诊占66.1%，门诊建设需求词频最高的是加强规范化培训（32.7%）。与二级医疗机构相比，三级医疗机构LD门诊康复治疗师占比、高级职称和硕士及以上医师占比、LD评估工具11～20种、使用药物治疗、电子档案管理病历资料、患儿因交通不便未接受干预训练/治疗的比例均较高（P <0.05）。结论 我国开设儿童LD门诊的医疗机构数量自2022年迅速增加，但不同级别医疗机构门诊医务人员、设施配备、服务能力及管理情况差异较大，对门诊建设的需求以规范化培训为主。亟需出台相关建议指南或专家共识，为儿童LD门诊规范化建设提供指导。

Objective To investigate the current status of outpatient clinics for children with learning difficulties(LD) in medical institutions across China, and to provide evidence for standardized clinic construction. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted among medical institutions with established LD outpatient clinics using a convenience sampling method from September to October 2024. The survey analyzed and compared the current status of outpatient clinics of LD outpatient clinics in different levels of medical institutions. Results A total of 118 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding a response rate of 93.6%. Physicians accounted for 33.3% of the LD outpatient-related medical staff. The outpatient clinics were predominantly rehabilitation/training rooms(44.3%), with an average area of 46.43(16.67, 125.00) m2. Outpatient clinics with fewer than 10 types of LD assessment tools accounted for 23.7%. The number of medical institutions offering LD outpatient services has been raising since 2020, with the largest growth observed in 2022. Among the outpatient clinics, 96.6% primarily diagnosed children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and 94.1% employed family parenting guidance as the main intervention or treatment method. Additionally, 66.1% of the medical institutions conducted follow-up visits. The most frequently mentioned demand for outpatient clinic development(32.7%) was the enhancement of standardized training. Compared to secondary medical institutions, the outpatient clinics of tertiary medical institutions had a significantly higher proportions of rehabilitation therapists, physicians with senior professional titles and master's degrees or above, used 11-20 types of LD assessment tools, medication treatment, electronic medical record management, and a higher proportion of children who did not receive intervention or treatment due to transportation inconvenience(P < 0.05).Conclusion The number of medical institutions offering pediatric LD outpatient services in China has increased rapidly since 2022.However, there are significant disparities in staffing, facilities, service capabilities, and management practices between medical institutions at different levels. The primary demand for outpatient clinic construction focuses on the implementation of standardized training. There is an urgent need to develop relevant construction guidelines or expert consensus to provide guidance for the standardized construction of pediatric LD outpatient clinics.