目的 本研究通过测算不同阶段儿童养育和教育成本，探讨家庭养育儿童支出负担，为调整生育保障政策提供决策参考。方法 采用描述性分析方法，针对不同年龄、学历、儿童数量家庭的养育教育成本及构成进行测算。结果 0～15岁儿童年均养育成本为20 506.56元，其中居住与房贷的成本为4 439.52元/年。0～3岁儿童年均养育成本为35 036.22元，其中房贷成本为9 288.56元/年。0～15岁儿童教育成本累计161 864.40元，其中校外教育达110 142.00元，占68.05%。结论 目前，居住与房贷成本为家庭首要压力；随着对教育的重视，校外教育支出随之增加。建议加强住房保障、托育照护服务和教育起点公平，推进政策保障与倾斜。

Objective To explore family expenditure of child-rearing through calculation of general child-rearing and education costs at different stages of children's development, so as to provide evidence for policy-making of maternity protection adjustment.Methods Descriptive ananlysis was used to calculate the general child-rearing and education cost and its composition from the perspective of families with different age, education background and the number of children. Results The average annual cost of raising children aged 0-15 was 20 506.56 yuan, among which the cost of housing and mortgage was 4 439.52 yuan/year. The average annual cost of raising children aged 0-3 was 35 036.22 yuan, and the cost of mortgage was 9 288.56 yuan/year. The total cost of education for children aged 0-15 was 161 864.40 yuan, in which after-school education was 110 142.00 yuan, accounting for 68.05%.Conclusion At present, the cost of housing and mortgage loan has become the primary pressure on families. Family expenditure on off-campus education has been increased with the emphasis on education. Recommendations include accelerating housing security,equal access to education and childcare services, and improving policy guarantee and policy support.