目的了解深圳市托幼机构儿童饮食行为状况,分析儿童饮食行为的影响因素,为干预儿童不良饮食行为提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取样本,调查了深圳市31所托幼机构的儿童共10 138人。自行设计调查问卷,由儿童家长填写,内容包括儿童及家庭一般情况、儿童的饮食行为和家长对儿童饮食的态度及行为等。结果 90%以上的儿童定时、定点、定量吃饭,一些不良饮食行为发生率较高,吃饭时看电视听音乐或玩玩具、大人喂饭和挑食偏食的发生率分别为66.5%、62.6%和58.4%。年龄大(OR=0.647)、主要照顾者为父母(OR=0.843)、父亲文化程度高(OR=0.851)、母亲文化程度高(OR=0.863)及家长引导孩子科学进食(OR=0.560)为儿童健康饮食行为的有利因素,儿童饮食行为较好;而家长吃饭时教育孩子(OR=1.609)、强迫孩子进食(OR=2.815)、因孩子吃饭不好发脾气(OR=1.849)和父母挑食(OR=1.771),为儿童饮食行为的不利因素,儿童饮食行为较差。结论要加强对儿童家长的健康教育,提高主要抚养人对儿童饮食行为的认识,提高喂养技能,从小培养儿童良好的饮食行为,保障儿童健康成长。

Objective To study the diet behaviors of kindergarten children in Shenzhen,analyze influencing factors and provide evidence for intervention activities. Methods By the method of stratified cluster sampling,10138 children were selected in 31 kindergartens in Shenzhen. Their parents were surveyed with self-designed questionnaires,which including the background of children and their families,eating habits and parents' attitudes and behaviors towards children's diet. Results More than 90% children ate at regular hours,at a fixed location and with a fixed quantity. However,the rates of unhealthy eating habits such as watching TV,listening to music and playing toys during dinner,feeding by adults,and picky eating were 66. 5%,62. 6% and 58. 4%. The children who were older( OR = 0. 647),whose main caregivers were parents( OR = 0. 843),fathers with higher educational levels( OR =0. 851),mothers with higher educational levels( OR = 0. 863),and parents guided them to eat scientifically( OR = 0. 560) would have better dietary behaviors. However,the children had worse dietary behaviors while parents teaching them when eating( OR = 1. 609),forcing them to eat( OR = 2. 815),losing temper due to children's eating problems( OR = 1. 849),or parents themselves with the habits of picky eating( OR = 1. 771). Conclusions Health education should be conducted in parents,in order to improve their recognition of the importance of children's dietary behaviors and enhance their skills of feeding.