目的分析江苏省仪征市5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势和死亡原因,探讨降低5岁以下儿童死亡的干预措施。方法对2006-2013年5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡进行统计分析。结果 5岁以下儿童死亡率5.68‰,婴儿死亡率4.06‰和新生儿死亡率2.56‰,婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡比例为71.43%,新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡比率为63.08%。5岁以下儿童死因排在前5位是:溺水、先天性心脏病(先心病)、早产低体重、出生窒息、新生儿肺炎。5岁以下儿童死亡率与孕产妇系统管理率呈负相关,相关系数为-0.9221(P<0.01)。结论加强对基层妇幼保健人员危急重症患儿救治等适宜技术培训,大力宣传与指导孕期保健知识,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率、减少出生缺陷、提高人口素质的有力措施。

Objective To analyze the dynamic change trend and main causes of death of children under 5 years old and explore the intervention measures in order to reduce mortality of children under 5 years old. Methods The death reports of children under 5years old from 2006 to 2013 were analyzed statistically. Results The mortality of children under 5 years old was 5. 68‰,the infantile mortality was 4. 06‰ and the neonatal mortality was 2. 56‰. Infant death accounted for 71. 43% of deaths in children under 5 years old. The neonatal death accounted for 63. 08% of infant death. The top five causes of children death under 5 years old were drowning,congenital heart disease,preterm delivery plus low birth weight,birth asphyxia,and neonatal pneumonia. The mortality of children under 5 years old and maternal systems management was negatively correlated,the correlation coefficient was- 0. 9221( P < 0. 01).Conclusion Strengthening the ability of the child health care of grassroots personnel in the appropriate emergency and intensive resuscitation technical training,and vigorously promoting and guiding the knowledge of health care during pregnancy,which can effectively reduce the death of children under the age of 5 years old and the incidence of birth defects. It can also strongly improve the quality of the population.