目的 了解江苏省苏州市吴中区学龄前儿童心理行为问题现状，并分析可能的影响因素，为有针对性地制定儿童早期心理保健干预措施及方法提供参考依据。方法 2024年4月，采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取吴中区4所幼儿园4～7岁在园儿童，使用Conners父母症状问卷（parental symptom questionnaire,PSQ）以及自制的家庭一般情况调查问卷，以线上匿名形式对其家长进行调查。问卷内容包括品行问题、学习问题、心身问题、冲动-多动、焦虑、多动指数，以及家庭一般情况。采用卡方检验和多因素分析方法对儿童的心理行为问题进行分析。结果 本次共完成927名学龄前儿童家长调查，共发现161名儿童心理行为异常，异常率为17.37%。城区儿童心理行为异常率（21.93%）高于乡镇（15.18%），民办幼儿园儿童心理行为异常率（21.28%）高于公办幼儿园（15.53%），差异有统计学意义（均P <0.05）。居住在乡镇（OR=0.683,95%CI:0.472～0.988）、二孩家庭（OR=0.640,95%CI:0.442～0.928）为儿童心理行为的保护因素；每日观看电子屏幕时长> 1 h(OR=2.879,95%CI:1.719～4.822)是儿童心理行为的危险因素。结论 苏州市吴中区学龄前儿童心理行为问题异常率较高，预防应注重社会、家庭、幼儿园及医疗机构的协同，从而采取针对性的干预措施，以促进学龄前儿童心理健康发展。

Objective To investigate the current status of psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and to analyze potential influencing factors, providing a reference for targeted formulation of early childhood psychological health care intervention measures and methods. Methods In April 2024, children aged4-7 years from 4 kindergartens in Wuzhong District were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The Conners parent symptom questionnaire(PSQ) and a self-designed general family situation questionnaire were used to conduct an online survey of their parents. The questionnaire included conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, impulsivity-hyperactivity,anxiety, hyperactivity index, and general family situation. The psychological and behavioral problems of the children were analyzed based on the questionnaire content. Results A total of 927 parents of preschool children were surveyed, with 161 children identified as having psychological and behavioral abnormalities, with an abnormality rate of 17.37%. The abnormality rate of psychological and behavioral problems in urban children(21.93%) was higher than that in rural areas(15.18%), and the abnormal rate in children from private kindergartens(21.28%) was higher than that in children from public kindergartens(15.53%), with statistically significant differences(all P < 0.05). Living in rural areas(OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.472-0.988) and being from a two-child family(OR = 0.640,95% CI: 0.442-0.928) were protective factors for children's psychological and behavioral problems; daily screen time > 1 hour(OR =2.879, 95% CI: 1.719-4.822) was a risk factor. Conclusion The abnormality rate of psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City is relatively high. Prevention should focus on the collaboration of society,families, kindergartens, and medical institutions to adopt targeted intervention measures and promote the psychological health development of preschool children.