妇幼健康作为人口高质量发展的重要基础和关键支点,其发展水平直接关系国家长期发展能力与社会稳定。近年来,我国妇幼健康核心指标持续改善,孕产妇、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率显著下降,整体水平已接近中高收入国家平均水平。但是低生育率常态化、高龄和高危妊娠比例上升、妇女儿童健康需求多样化,以及城乡、区域和人群间发展不平衡等问题日益凸显,现有妇幼健康服务体系在服务供给结构、资源配置效率和治理能力方面仍面临挑战。本文基于健康优先发展战略和“投资于人”的核心理念,系统分析妇幼健康在促进人口长期均衡发展、提高人力资本质量和缩小健康差距中的政策价值,指出妇幼健康应从以降低死亡率为核心的“生存保障”阶段,转向以促进身心全面发展和健康公平为导向的高质量发展阶段。围绕这一转型目标,提出应优化妇幼健康政策顶层设计,完善覆盖女性和儿童全生命周期的服务体系,强化基层服务能力和资源均衡布局,推动医疗、公共卫生与社会支持政策协同发力,同时提升信息化和治理现代化水平。通过系统推进妇幼健康高质量发展,为构建生育友好型社会、促进人口高质量发展和实现健康中国目标提供坚实支撑。

The health of women and children is a critical foundation and key pillar for high-quality population development,directly affecting a country's long-term development potential and social stability. In recent years, China has witnessed steady improvement in core women and children's health indicators, accompanied by significant reductions in maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate. The overall level has now approached the average level of upper-middle-income countries.However, persistent challenges remain, including the normalization of a low fertility rates, rising proportions of advanced-age and highrisk pregnancies, diversified health demands of women and children, and unbalanced development among urban and rural areas,regions, and population groups. The existing women and children's health service system still confronts challenges in aspects of service supply structure, resource allocation efficiency, and governance modernization capacity. Guided by the health-priority development strategy and the core concept of "investing in people," this article systematically analyzes the policy significance of women and children's health in promoting long-term balanced population development, improving human capital quality, and bridging health inequalities. It argues that women and children's health should transform from a "survival guarantee"-oriented stage primarily focused on reducing mortality rates to a high-quality development stage oriented toward promoting the comprehensive physical and mental health and development of women and children, as well as health equity. To facilitate this transformation, the article puts forward the following suggestions: optimizing the top-level design of maternal and child health policies, improving service systems covering the entire life cycle of women and children, strengthening grassroots service capacity and promoting balanced balanced resource distribution, fostering synergy among healthcare, public health, and social support policies, and enhancing informatization construction and advancing governance modernization. By systematically promoting the high-quality development of women and children's health,it aims to provide solid support for building a fertility-friendly society, advancing high-quality population development, and realizing the goals of the Healthy China initiative.