目的分析已婚妇女常见妇科病发生情况、危险因素,总结预防保健经验。方法 2017年1-12月,医院门诊进行妇科疾病的筛查,共筛查患者1074例,确诊的妇科疾病患者184例纳入病例组,其余890例纳入对照组。结果各类妇科疾病检出情况显示,阴道炎102例、月经不调/痛经46例、宫颈上皮内瘤变40例、子宫肌瘤31例、卵巢囊肿21例、其他25例。从疾病年龄来看,40~49岁是高发时间段,月经不调、痛经这主要见于20岁对象。疾病危险因素分析显示,阴道炎、宫颈上皮内瘤病变、妇科疾病、健康人群的大专及以上学历、个人月收入≥5000元、已生育、阴道分娩史、日常清洗外阴、经期性生活史、伴侣同房前不清洗、每周性生活1次及以上、出现外阴症状立即就诊、个人免疫较差/经常反复呼吸道感染占比差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论已婚妇女常见妇科病发生率较高,以阴道炎、月经不调/痛经、宫颈上皮内瘤变为主,影响因素较复杂;需要重视30~50岁女性的管理,加强保健指导。

Objective : Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of common gynecopathy among married women,and summarize the prevention measures and health care experience. Methods From January 2017 to December,a total of 1074 cases of gynecologic diseases were screened in the outpatient department of the hospital. 184 cases of gynecologic diseases were included in the case group,and the other 890 cases were included in the control group. Results There were 102 cases of vaginitis,46 cases of irregular menstruation/dysmenorrhea,40 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,31 cases of uterine fibroids,21 cases of ovarian cysts,and 25 cases of other diseases. For the age of disease,the age of 40 to 49 years old was the period of high incidence. Irregular menstruation,dysmenorrhea were mainly seen in the object of 20 years old. The analysis of the risk factors of the diseases showed that there were significant differences in the proportion of college and above education levels,personal monthly income more than 5000 yuan,having given birth,vaginal delivery history,daily cleaning vulva,sexual intercourse during menstrual period,partners not cleaning before sexual intercourse,more than one times of sexual life per week,seeking medical advice immediately when vulvar symptoms appearing and poor personal immunity/recurrent respiratory tract infections among women with vaginitis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,gynecologic diseases and healthy women( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of common gynecologic diseases among married women is higher. The main diseases are vaginitis,irregular menstruation/d ysmenorrhea and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The influencing factors are more complicated. The management of women from 30 to 50 years old should be paid more attention to and the guidance of health care should be strengthened.