目的 通过分析2016—2020年新疆阿克苏市35～64岁农村妇女宫颈癌筛查结果，为进一步提高当地宫颈癌筛查质量提供参考依据。方法 通过“国家妇幼重大项目信息直报系统”收集2016—2020年新疆阿克苏市上报的农村妇女宫颈癌筛查数据，对当地妇女宫颈癌患病特征和结果进行回顾性分析，并比较不同特征的妇女宫颈癌和癌前病变发生的差异。结果 2016—2020年，新疆阿克苏市参加宫颈癌筛查的妇女共13 522例，检出高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high risk-human papilloma virus,hr-HPV）感染者843例（6.23%），癌前病变18例（133.12/10万），宫颈癌3例（22.19/10万），早期诊断率为85.71%。不同年龄、文化程度和既往筛查史的宫颈癌、癌前病变检出率差异均无统计学意义（均P> 0.05）。结论 新疆阿克苏市妇女的hr-HPV感染率、宫颈癌检出率和早期诊断率均低于全疆水平。建议调整筛查人群的选择，优化资金分配，提高设备的可利用性，加强专业技术人员的专项培训，强化筛查服务质量，不断提高当地妇女的健康水平。

Objective To analyze the results of cervical cancer screening among rural women aged 35-64 in Aksu, Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for further improving the quality of local screening program.Methods The cervical cancer screening data among rural women in Aksu, Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020 were collected through ‘National Maternal and Child Major Project Direct Information Reporting System'. The results and characteristics of cervical cancer prevalence among local women were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions among women with different characteristics were compared.Results A total of 13 522 women participated in cervical cancer screening in Aksu, Xinjiang. 843(6. 23%) were detected high-risk human papilloma virus(hr-HPV) positive, 18(133. 12/100 000) were precancerous lesions, and 3(22. 19/100 000) were cervical cancer, with an early diagnosis rate of 85. 71%. There were no significant difference in terms of the detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions among women of different age, education levels and previous screening history(all P > 0. 05).Conclusion The rate of hr-HPV infection, cervical cancer detection and early diagnosis among rural women in Aksu are lower than the average level in Xinjiang. It is suggested to adjust the selection of screening population, optimize the allocation of funds, improve the availability of equipment, strengthen the special training of health professional, and enhance the quality of screening services, so as to improve the health of local women.