目的 探讨口腔吸吮训练对改善母乳喂养中婴儿吸吮不良的有效性，为提高母乳喂养率提供有效手段。方法 抽取2021年9月—2022年4月首次就诊于江苏省南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科母乳喂养咨询门诊的264例吸吮不良的婴儿为研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组，每组各132例。对照组接受常规的一次性母乳喂养指导，实验组在接受常规母乳喂养指导的基础上进一步接受口腔吸吮训练，包括双侧脸颊肌肉训练、牙床按摩、非营养性吸吮训练及舌头跟随训练，训练结束后评估两组在母乳喂养技能评估量表(Latch/Audible/Type of nipple/Comfort/Hold positioning,LATCH)的得分、纯母乳喂养比例以及体格生长方面的差异。结果 干预后两组的LATCH量表评分均有显著提高，且实验组的LATCH量表评分显著高于对照组(t=14.54,P <0.05)；与干预前相比，干预后两组的纯母乳喂养比例均有所提高，且实验组纯母乳喂养比例显著高于对照组(χ²=3.952,P <0.05)；干预后两组的身长、体重均有所增长，且实验组的身长、体重增长幅度大于对照组(t_身长=2.511,t_体重=16.971，均P <0.05)。结论 口腔吸吮训练可有效改善母乳喂养情况，提升母乳喂养率，促进婴儿体格生长，是婴儿母乳喂养吸吮不良的有效干预手段。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of oral sucking training in improving poor sucking behaviors among breastfeeding infants, so as to provide effective means to improve the breastfeeding rates. Methods A total of 264 infants with suckling disorders who first visited breastfeeding consultation outpatient clinic of the child health care department in Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Jiangsu Province from September 2021 to April 2022 were recruited as study subjects. They were randomly divided into experimental and control group, with 132 in each group. The control group received routine breast-feeding instruction, and the experimental group received systematic oral sucking training plus routine care, including bilateral cheek muscle training, gum massage, non-nutritive sucking training and tongue following training. After training, the differences between the two groups in the scores of Latch/Audible/Type of nipple/Comfort/Hold positioning(LATCH), the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding,and physical growth were evaluated. Results After intervention, the LATCH scores of both groups were significantly improved, and the LATCH score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(t = 14.54, P < 0.05). Compared with preintervention, the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in both groups increased post-intervention, and the experimental group had a higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding than that of the control group(χ² = 3.952, P < 0.05). At the same time, the length and weight of both groups increased after intervention, and the differences in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group(t_length = 2.51, t_weight = 16.97, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Oral sucking training can effectively improve the condition of breastfeeding, increase the rate of breastfeeding and promote physical growth of infants. It is an effective intervention for infants with poor sucking behaviors in breastfeeding.