目的 掌握2016—2020年新疆乌鲁木齐市妇女常见病筛查现状及效果，为今后乌鲁木齐市妇女常见病防治提供依据。方法 收集2016—2020年乌鲁木齐市妇幼卫生年报中妇女常见病筛查情况报表，分析全市妇女常见病筛查情况、患病变化趋势及城乡差异。结果 2016—2020年乌鲁木齐市妇女常见病年平均筛查率为56.84%；筛查率逐年提高，城市高于农村，差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.671,P <0.05)。2016—2020年乌鲁木齐市妇女常见病总患病率为45.49%；妇女常见病中的阴道炎、宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤患病率高于全自治区及全国水平；不同年份间患病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=17 520.12、19 934.45、5 801.25，均P <0.001)。乌鲁木齐市宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌检出率均呈下降趋势，不同年份间宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=160.21、649.46、519.00，均P <0.001)。结论 2016—2020年乌鲁木齐市妇女常见病筛查率不断提高，城乡差距逐步缩小，妇女常见病患病率、恶性肿瘤检出率显著下降。为保障筛查质量，需加强筛查数据质量控制工作和信息上报人员的指导培训，并确保对筛查结果异常的妇女采取追踪随访。

Objective To investigate the current status and effect of common gynecological disease screening in Urumqi, Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for future prevention and treatment of these diseases.Methods Common gynecological disease screening data involved in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Annual Report were collected from 2016 to 2020.Trends of prevalence and urban-rural gap were analyzed.Results The screening rates of common gynecological diseases were increasing year by year. The average screening rate was 56. 84% in Urumqi from 2016 to 2020, and it was higher in urban area than that in rural areas(χ² = 9. 671,P < 0. 05). The prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases in Urumqi from 2016 to 2020 was 45. 49%. Compared with the whole region and nation, the prevalence rates of vaginitis, cervicitis, and uterine fibroids were higher.The prevalence rates were different in various years(χ² = 17 520. 12, 19 934. 45, 5 801. 25, all P < 0. 001). The detection rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer showed a downward trend in Urumqi, and they were different in various years(χ² =160. 21, 649. 46, 519. 00, all P < 0. 001).Conclusion The screening rate of common gynecological diseases in Urumqi has been increasing from 2016 to 2020. The gap between urban and rural areas is gradually diminishing. The prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases and the detection rates of malignant tumors were decreasing significantly. To ensure the quality of screening, it is necessary to strengthen quality control of data collection and training of information reporting personnel, and to improve follow-up of women with abnormal results.