目的 调查并分析孕妇孕期运动的状况、影响因素及支持需求,以期促进孕期合理运动,从而增进母婴健康。方法 2021年8—12月,采用方便抽样法对在复旦大学附属妇产科医院就诊的357名孕妇进行问卷调查。采用国际体力活动问卷(international physical activity questionnaire,IPAQ)短卷中文版调查孕妇的体力活动水平。结果 所调查孕妇的孕期体力活动整体水平为495.0(215.0,1 039.5)代谢当量-min/周。其中,分别有14名(3.9%)、175名(49.0%)、168名(47.5%)孕妇孕期体力活动达到高水平、中等水平和低水平。孕妇孕期运动的主要形式为散步(97.8%),最需要的运动相关支持为运动时家人的鼓励和陪伴(79.0%)。意向经阴道分娩、孕前有规律运动习惯、孕期在体育活动之外花费大量体力,以及具备孕期运动正向认知和能力的孕妇体力活动充足的比例更高(P<0.05)。结论 孕妇孕期运动不足且形式单一。可针对影响因素在孕前指导孕妇养成运动习惯,在孕期鼓励孕妇充分利用体力活动资源,提升孕妇孕期运动的认知和能力,满足孕妇对于运动相关支持需求,以促使孕妇主动参与并坚持进行孕期合理运动。

Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo, influencing factors, and support needs of prenatal exercise among pregnant women, and to provide evidence for promoting appropriate prenatal exercise to improve maternal and infant health outcomes. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 357 pregnant women using convenience sampling at obstetrics &gynecology hospital of Fudan university from August to December 2021. The Chinese version of international physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ) short form was used to access their physical activity level. Results The median physical activity level of the participants was 495.0(215.0, 1 039.5) metabolic equivalent(MET)-min/week. Among them, 14(3.9%), 175(49.0%), 168(47.5%)pregnant women achieved high, moderate, and low levels of physical activity, respectively. Walking was the predominant form of prenatal exercise(97.8%). The most commonly reported exercise-related support need was encouragement and companionship from family members(79.0%). A significantly higher proportion of pregnant women with adequate physical activity was observed among those who intended to have a vaginal delivery, had regular pre-pregnancy exercise habits, engaged in additional physical exertion beyond routine activities, and held positive perceptions and self-efficacy regarding prenatal exercise(P < 0.05). Conclusions Prenatal exercise among the surveyed pregnant women is insufficient and homogeneous in form. According to the influencing factors, targeted interventions should focus on fostering pre-pregnancy exercise habits, promoting the utilization of prenatal physical activity resources,improving their cognitive awareness and self-efficacy regarding prenatal exercise, and meeting their exercise-related support needs, so as to improve their proactive engagement and adherence to appropriate prenatal exercise.