目的探索0~18月龄儿童神经心理发育相关规律及特点。方法采用首都儿科研究所研制的中国儿童发育量表对2015年1月1日-2016年12月31日在广东省妇幼保健院儿童保健科进行保健的共24 428名0~18月龄儿童进行五大能区及总发育商的测评。结果 0~18月龄儿童总发育、大动作、精细动作、适应能力、语言能力、社交行为发育迟缓检出率分别为1.7%、13.9%、9.4%、12.8%、9.7%、7.4%。男童总发育迟缓检出率及各能区发育迟缓检出率均高于女童(1.9%&1.5%、15.3%&14.1%、9.6%&9.4%、13.2%&12.3%、10.1%&9.2%、7.4%&7.5%),2、3月龄及13~18月龄儿童总发育迟缓检出率高于其他月龄组儿童(3.0%、2.3%、4.7%);不同年龄组儿童五大能区及总发育商差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2、3月龄大动作发育较其他月龄落后;3月龄精细动作较其他月龄落后;1、3月龄适应能力发育较其他月龄落后;13~18月龄语言能力、社交能力及总发育商较其他月龄落后。男童各能区及总发育商均低于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论男童总发育迟缓检出率及各能区发育迟缓检出率均高于女童,需多关注男童各能区发育情况。3月龄及13~18月龄是筛查发育迟缓的重要时间节点,不同月龄需针对不同的能区着重训练。

Objective To explore the regularity and characteristics of neuropsychological development among children aged 0-18 months in Guangzhou. Method A total of 24 428 children aged 0 to 18 months were recruited in the Child Health Care Unit of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital,from January 1 st,2015 to December 31 st,2016. The Chinese Children's Development Scale developed by the Capital Pediatric Research Institute was used to evaluate the five energy areas and the total development quotient of the children. Results The detection rate of total development retardation was 1. 7%. The rate of big movement was 13. 9%. The rate of fine action was 9. 4%. The rate of adaptive development was 12. 8%. The rate of language development and social behavior was9. 7% and 7. 4%,respectively. The detection rate of total development retardation and developmental retardation in each area in boys were higher than those in girls(1. 9% vs. 1. 5%,15. 3% vs. 14. 1%,9. 6% vs. 9. 4%,13. 2% vs. 12. 3%,10. 1% vs. 9. 2%,7. 4% vs. 7. 5%)(P < 0. 05). The detection rate of total development retardation in children aged 2 months(3. 0%),3 months(2. 3%) and 13-18 months(4. 7%) was higher than that in other age groups. There were statistically significant differences in big movements,fine movements,adaptability,language development,social behavior and total development among different age groups(P < 0. 01). Big movement development in 2,3 months old groups were worse than the other age groups. Fine action in 3 months old group was worse than the other age groups. Adaptive capacity development in 1,3 months old groups were worse than the other age groups. The language skills,social skills and the total developmental in 13 to 18 months age groups were worse than the other age groups. The total development and each five areas development quotient in boys were lower than in girls(P < 0. 01). Conclusion The detection rate of total development retardation and retardation in each area in boys were higher than those in girls. Three months and 13 to 18 months are the important time nodes for screening growth retardation. Different months of age need to focus on different areas ofenergy training.