目的研究沙盘游戏治疗孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理问题的疗效。方法将24名4⁶岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童(PEP-3能力水平≥24个月)随机分为实验组(12例)和对照组(12例),实验组在开展常规康复治疗的同时增加为期24周的沙盘游戏治疗,对照组仅进行常规康复治疗。用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)和孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)评估两组儿童的疗效。结果 PSQ评分显示,经沙盘游戏治疗后,实验组儿童的品行问题、学习问题、冲动—多动、焦虑和多动指数评分较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),较治疗后的对照组也明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ATEC量表评分显示,经沙盘游戏治疗后,实验组儿童的社交和感觉/认知/意识2个分量表,以及总得分的评分较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),较治疗后的对照组也明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论沙盘游戏可有效应用于孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理的治疗,对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的心理康复有积极作用。

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of sandplay to solve psychological problems in the children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods A total of 24 children( PEP-3 Ability level ≥24 months) aged 4 to 6 with autism spectrum disorders were randomly divided into the experimental group( n = 10) and the control group( n = 10). The experimental group underwent a 24-week sandplay treatment and simultaneously accepted the routine rehabilitation training. While the control group only accepted the routine rehabilitation treatment. The Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire( PSQ) and autism treatment evaluation check list( ATEC)were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two groups of children. Results After the sandplay treatment,PSQ scores showed that children's behavioral problems,learning problems,impulsivity and hyperactivity,anxiety,and hyperactivity index scores in the experimental group were obviously lower than before the treatment( P < 0. 05),and also lower than in the control group after the treatment( P < 0. 05). After the sandplay treatment,ATEC scale scores showed that two secondary scales scores about social interaction and sense/awareness/awareness and the total scores in the experimental group were obviously lower than before the treatment( P <0. 05),and also lower than in the control group after the treatment( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Sandplay could effectively apply to solve the psychological problems in the children with autism spectrum disorder. It exerts positive effects for psychological rehabilitation of the children with autism spectrum disorder.