目的 通过分析2020—2024年四川省成都市托幼机构儿童常见病现状及流行趋势，为今后提高全市托幼机构卫生保健管理工作提供科学依据，达到促进儿童健康成长的目的。方法 收集2020—2024年成都市1.51万所托幼机构，共318.61万名儿童的既往年度体检资料，采用R软件（4.4.3版本）对托幼机构儿童年度体检数据进行统计学分析，采用CochranArmitage趋势性检验分析5年间儿童常见病检出率的变化趋势；采用Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel综合检验对不同性别儿童营养不良检出情况进行分析。结果 2024年成都市托幼机构儿童低体重、生长迟缓及消瘦检出率分别为0.83%(5 231/631 954)、1.00%(6 319/631 954)和0.95%(5 985/631 954)；中重度贫血和轻度贫血检出率分别为0.06%(394/609 505)和1.12%(7 293/609 505)；视力异常和听力异常率分别为2.81%(16 936/602 332)和0.15%(649/441 747)，龋齿率为29.79%(86 638/626 586)。2020—2024年儿童生长迟缓检查率呈下降趋势，低体重、消瘦检出率呈上升趋势；男童低体重、生长迟缓检出率均高于女童，而女童消瘦检出率高于男童，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；儿童轻度贫血、龋齿率呈下降趋势，中重度贫血、视力异常率、听力异常率呈上升趋势，不同年份间差异均有统计学意义（均P <0.05）。结论 目前四川省成都市托幼机构儿童常见病检出率总体低于全国水平，但低体重、消瘦及视力不良率仍呈上升趋势，因此仍需采取科学的干预措施，进一步保障儿童健康成长。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemic trends of common childhood diseases in childcare institutions in Chengdu from 2020 to 2024, providing a scientific basis for improving health care management and promoting children's healthy development. Methods Health examination data of 3 186 100 children across 15 100 childcare institutions from 2020 to 2024 in Chengdu were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. Cochran-Armitage trend test was employed to analyze changes in the detection rates of common childhood diseases over the study period and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to compare malnutrition prevalence between genders. Results In 2024, the prevalence rates for underweight, stunting, and wasting among Chengdu childcare children were 0.83%(5 231/631 954), 1.00%(6 319/631 954), and 0.95%(5 985/631 954), respectively. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anemia and mild anemia were 0.06%(394/609 505) and 1.12%(7 293/609 505), respectively. The rates of abnormal vision and abnormal hearing were 2.81%(16 936/602 332) and 0.15%(649/441 747), respectively. The dental caries rate was 29.79%(86 638/626 586). From 2020 to 2024, the stunting rate showed a declining trend, while underweight and wasting showed an increasing trend. Boys had significantly higher rates of underweight and stunting than girls, whereas girls had a higher wasting rate(all P < 0.05). Significant decreasing trends were observed for mild anemia and dental caries(P < 0.05), while significant increasing trends were found for moderate-to-severe anemia, vision abnormalities, and hearing abnormalities(all P < 0.05).Conclusion The overall detection rates of common health conditions in Chengdu's childcare institutions remain lower than national averages. However, rising trends in underweight, wasting, and vision abnormalities highlight the necessity of strengthening evidencebased interventions to safeguard children's health.