目的 研究父母亲年龄与子代出生缺陷之间的关系。方法 利用2008—2023年我国东部和中部地区4省14区县的出生及出生缺陷监测数据，采用单因素和多因素logistics回归，分析父亲年龄、母亲年龄以及父母双亲年龄与子代出生缺陷之间的关系及关联强度。结果 随着父母亲年龄增加，子代出生缺陷发生风险增加。调整混杂因素后，父亲年龄为40～<45岁和≥45岁子代发生出生缺陷的风险分别是20～<25岁的1.24倍和1.38倍。母亲年龄为35～<40岁和≥40岁子代发生出生缺陷的风险分别是20～<25岁的1.14倍和1.39倍。父亲年龄≥45岁同时母亲年龄≥40岁子代出生缺陷发生风险是父亲年龄为20～<30岁同时母亲年龄为20～<25岁的1.60倍。结论 父母亲高龄可以增加子代出生缺陷发生风险，要提倡适龄生育，减少出生缺陷的发生。

Objective To investigate the relationship between parental age and the risk of birth defects in offspring. Methods This study utilized birth and birth defects surveillance data from 14 districts and counties across 4 provinces in central and eastern China during 2008 to 2023. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association and strength of the relationship between paternal, maternal age and parental age and the prevalence of birth defects. Results The risk of birth defects in offspring increase with advancing parental age. After adjusting for confounders, paternal age 40 – < 45 years was associated with a1.24-fold increased risk, and paternal age ≥ 45 years with a 1.38-fold increased risk compared to the 20 – < 25 years age group.Maternal age 35 – < 40 years and ≥ 40 years showed a 1.14-fold and 1.39-fold increased risk compared to the 20 – < 25 years group,respectively. Additionally, couples with paternal age ≥ 45 years and maternal age ≥ 40 years exhibited a 1.60-fold increased risk relative to the reference group of fathers aged 20 – < 30 years and mothers aged 20 – < 25 years. Conclusion Advanced parental age significantly increases the risk of birth defects in offspring. These findings support public health initiatives aimed at reducing the occurrence of birth defects by optimizing reproductive timing.