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目的 分析西藏自治区山南市乃东区参加子宫颈癌筛查女性高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomavirus, HPV）的感染率及相关危险因素。通过识别高危人群，为西藏山南市乃东区及其他低卫生资源地区制定子宫颈癌防控策略提供科学依据。方法 选取2023年5月至11月期间在西藏山南市乃东区接受子宫颈癌筛查的25～64岁女性，通过问卷调查和HPV检测，分析高危型HPV的感染率及相关危险因素。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，单因素分析采用t检验或χ2检验，多因素分析采用logistic回归模型。结果 本研究纳入10 530名女性，高危型HPV感染者1 307例，总体感染率为12.4%。HPV16/18感染率为1.9%(203/10 530)，其他12种高危型HPV感染率为12.3%(1 300/10 530)。感染年龄呈双峰分布，25～29岁年龄组（13.7%）和55～59岁年龄组（15.8%）为感染高峰。单因素分析显示，年龄、婚姻状况、职业、吸烟史、初次性生活年龄、绝经和避孕套避孕等因素在高危型HPV阳性和阴性组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析表明，已婚和公职人员为保护因素，而有吸烟史和已绝经为危险因素（P <0.05）。结论 本研究发现，西藏山南市乃东区女性高危型HPV感染率相对全国水平较高。25～29岁和55～59岁年龄组、有吸烟史以及已绝经者更易感染高危型HPV。因此，在子宫颈癌筛查中，应特别关注这些高风险群体，以提高筛查效率和准确性。此外，针对高风险群体普及性健康和子宫颈癌相关知识，并倡导健康的生活习惯，对于降低高危型HPV感染率及其相关疾病风险至关重要。
Abstract：Objective To analyze the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) among women participating in cervical cancer screening in Naidong district, Shannan, Xizang autonomous region and factors associated with it, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing strategies of cervical cancer prevention and control in this place and other similar areas with limited health resources by identifying high-risk populations. Methods Women aged 25-64 who underwent cervical cancer screening in Naidong district of Shannan city, Xizang were recruited from May to November 2023. Questionnaire survey and HPV testing were used to analyze the prevalence of high-risk HPV and risk factors associated with it. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS version 26.0.Univariate analysis was performed throughg t-tests or chi-square tests(χ2), while multivariate analysis was conducted through logistic regression models. Results A total of 10 530 women were involved in our study, among whom 1 307 tested positive for HPV,resulting in an overall infection rate of 12.4%(1 307/10 530). The infection rate of HPV types 16 and 18 was 1.9%(203/10 530), while the rate of other 12 high-risk HPV types was 12.3%(1 300/10 530). The infection rates exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks observed in the age groups of 25-29(13.7%) and 55-59(15.8%). Univariate analysis indicated that age, marital status, occupation,smoking history, age at first sexual intercourse, reaching menopause or not, and condom use were statistically significant different between the groups with and without high-risk HPV infection(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being married and employed as a public servant were protective factors, while smoking history and being menopausal were risk factors(P < 0.05). Conclusion This study reveals that prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women in Naidong district of Shannan city, Tibet, is relatively higher than that of national level. Women aged 25-29 and 55-59, along with those having smoking history and reaching menopause, are at increased risk of high-risk HPV infection. Therefore, cervical cancer screening efforts should prioritize these high-risk groups to enhance both screening efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, knowledge dissemination of sexual health and cervical cancer prevention, and promoting healthy lifestyle targeting these populations are crucial for reducing high-risk HPV infection rates and associated disease risks.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2025.02.007
中图分类号:R737.33
引用信息:
[1]方佳琦,党乐,李芳,等.西藏自治区山南市乃东区女性高危型HPV感染率及相关因素分析[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2025,16(02):122-129.DOI:10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2025.02.007.
基金信息:
北京协和医院中央高水平医院临床科研专项（2022-PUMCH-D-003）; 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程（2021-I2M-004）
2025-04-20
2025-04-20