目的 对我国现阶段妇幼保健机构资源配置的公平性进行评价，以期改善妇幼保健机构资源配置现况。方法 综合运用基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线、集中指数和集中曲线、泰尔指数等方法，分别从人口、地理面积和经济3个维度，对妇幼保健机构资源配置的公平性进行评价。结果 各类妇幼保健机构资源的集中指数值均为负数；除床位外，按地理面积分布的各类资源基尼系数均> 0.6;3种评价维度下各类资源区域内差异贡献率均高于区域间差异贡献率。结论 妇幼保健机构资源按地理面积配置的公平性最差；各类资源倾向于配置在经济水平低的地区；东、中、西部地区内部差异是公平性的主要影响因素，各级行政主管部门应因地制宜，制定合理的区域卫生规划。

Objective To evaluate the equity of resource allocation in maternal and child health(MCH) institutions in China, in order to improve their current situation of resource allocation. Methods The Gini coefficient, Lorentz curve, concentration index,concentration curve and Theil index were used to evaluate the equity of MCH institution resource allocation from three dimensions of population, geographical area and economy. Results The concentration index values of various MCH institution resources were all negative. The Gini coefficient of various resources distributed by geographical area was greater than 0.6 except for beds. The intraregional difference contribution rate of various resources was higher than inter-regional difference contribution rate based on three evaluation dimensions. Conclusion The equity of MCH institution resources allocation is the worst from the perspective of geographical area. Various resources tend to be allocated in low economic areas. The internal differences in the eastern, central, and western regions are the main factors associated with equity. Administrative departments at all levels should adapt measures to formulate reasonable regional health plans in accordance with local conditions.