目的 分析中国围产儿先天性马蹄内翻足的流行病学特征。方法 利用全国出生缺陷医院监测系统收集的2011—2020年住院分娩的围产儿和马蹄内翻足病例数据，按年份、城乡、性别、地理区域和母亲年龄分组分析畸形发生率；采用χ²检验比较其组间差异，线性趋势χ²检验用于评估年度发生率的整体时间趋势，结合Joinpoint回归分析检测趋势变化时点。结果 2011—2020年，中国围产期先天性马蹄内翻足的平均年发生率为5.79/万，年发生率总体呈上升趋势(χ²=16.55,P趋势<0.001)。Joinpoint回归分析显示2011—2018年发生率持续上升(APC=3.82, P<0.05),2019—2020年转为下降(APC=-11.66, P<0.05)。城乡围产儿先天性马蹄内翻足发生率(5.70/万，5.90/万)的差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)；男性发生率高于女性(5.98/万和5.55/万，χ²=16.76,P<0.001)，西部地区发生率最高(6.65/万)，其次为东部(5.92/万)和中部地区(4.94/万)(χ²=176.24,P<0.001)；南方地区发生率显著高于北方地区(7.52/万和3.56/万，χ²=1 362.8,P<0.001)。低龄产妇组(<20岁)的子代先天性马蹄内翻足发生率最高(9.01/万)，30～<35岁组发生率最低(5.38/万)，不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=136.37,P<0.001)。54.12%的病例为双下肢受累。结论 中国围产儿先天性马蹄内翻足发生率总体呈上升趋势，不同性别、母亲年龄别和地区的流行特征存在差异，主要累及双下肢。

Objective To analyze the recent epidemiological characteristics of congenital talipes equinovarus(CTEV) among perinatal infants in China. Methods Using data on perinatal infants and CTEV cases from monitoring hospital collected by the National Birth Defects Hospital-based Surveillance System between 2011 and 2020, the prevalence of CTEV was analyzed by subgroups(birth year, urban/rural residence, infant sex, geographic region, and maternal age). Chi-square test was used to compare differences between groups, and the linear chi-square test was applied to assess the overall temporal trend in annual prevalence rates.Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to identify points of significant change in trends. Results From 2011 to 2020, the average prevalence of CTEV among Chinese perinatal infants was 5.79 per 10 000, showing an overall significant increasing trend(χ² = 16.55,Pt_rend < 0.001). However, Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a continuous increase from 2011 to 2018(APC = 3.82, P < 0.05),followed by a subsequent decrease(APC =-11.66, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in CTEV prevalence between urban and rural perinatal infants(5.70 per 10 000 vs. 5.90 per 10 000). The prevalence was higher in male perinatal infants than in females(5.98 per 10 000 vs. 5.55 per 10 000, χ² = 16.76, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence was observed in the western region(6.65 per 10 000), followed by the eastern region and central region(5.92 per 10 000 and 4.94 per 10 000, respectively, χ² = 176.24, P <0.001). The prevalence in the southern region was significantly higher than the northern region(7.52 per 10 000 vs. 3.56 per 10 000,χ² = 1 362.8, P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the CTEV prevalence among perinatal infants by sex and geographical region. The highest prevalence among offspring(9.01 per 10 000) was observed in the youngest maternal age group( < 20 years), while the lowest was observed in the 30-< 35 years group(5.38 per 10 000), with statistically significant difference in different maternal age groups(χ² = 136.37, P < 0.001). Bilateral involvement was found in 54.12% CTEV cases. Conclusion The overall prevalence of CTEV in perinatal infants in China showed an overall increasing trend during the study period. Significant differences were observed in different sex, maternal age, and geographic region. Bilateral involvement was the most common clinical presentation.