目的了解我国城市小学生的忽视现状,为进一步分析其影响因素、制定科学的干预措施奠定基础。方法应用中国城市小学生忽视评价常模,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法 ,从全国12个省中抽取24个具有代表性的城市,共调查4057名小学生,其中男、女构成比为51.3%和48.7%;少数民族占8.3%。所得资料采用SPSS13.0软件,对各忽视类型的忽视分值、忽视率及忽视度等进行统计描述、卡方检验、方差分析(ANOVA),以判断其差别。结果 6～8岁组学生平均忽视度和忽视率分别为42.8和28.8%,各年龄间存在统计学显著性差异(P<0.01);9～11岁组学生平均忽视度和忽视率分别为42.1和27.2%,各年龄间无统计学显著性差异(P>0.05);6～8岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为43.3和42.3(P<0.05),忽视率分别为31.5%和26.2%(P<0.05);9～11岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为43.6和40.5(P<0.01),忽视率分别为34.8%和22.7%(P<0.01)。在儿童忽视的6个类型上,6～8岁忽视率为2.0%～12.7%,除情感忽视外,其他5个忽视类型的发生率性别上均无显著性差异(P>0.05);9～11岁忽视率为10.1%～15.1%,各个忽视类型的发生率在性别上均存在显著性差异(P<0.01);无论以年龄或性别分组,小学生均以受到单项忽视为主(6～8岁发生率平均为12.4%,构成比占总忽视学生的51.2%;9～11岁发生率平均为17.9%,构成比为55.2%)。在不同家庭类型中,6～8岁组以单亲家庭中的学生受忽视率最高(33.3%);而9～11岁组以再婚家庭中的学生受忽视率最高(47.1%);6～8岁组和9～11岁组均以3代同堂家庭中儿童受忽视率最低(分别为22.3%和22.7%)。结论中国城市小学生受忽视的频度和强度较大,其中刚上小学一年级和即将毕业的六年级小学生受到的忽视率和忽视度相对较低,而其他年龄(年级)的学生更容易受到忽视;各个年龄组男生的忽视度和忽视率均高于女生,提示男生均比女生受到更多和更严重的忽视;所有儿童均以单项受忽视为主;在不同的家庭类型中,6～8岁组以单亲家庭、而9～11岁组则以再婚家庭中的学生受忽视率最高。

Objective To find out the neglect state of urban pupil in China and the relevant risk factors, and to provide a base for projecting scientific intervention measures. Method 4057 pupils (of whom males are 51.3% and minority nationality are 8.3%) were multistage stratified randomly sampled from 24 cities which were representative of 12 provinces of China, in accordance with sex and age. To identify pupils neglect based on the Pupil Neglect Norms of China, SPSS for windows 13.0 was employed for statistics analysis. Neglect score, frequency and degree were calculated for every group of age, sex and neglect type (including neglect of physical, emotional, educational, medical , safety and social conditions). χ2 test(Chi-Square) and Analysis of variance(ANOVA) were processed to determine the significance of their difference. Results The average neglect degree and frequency was 42.8, 28.8% for pupils aged 6-8 and 42.1, 27.2% for pupils aged 9-11 respectively. For pupils aged 6-8,the average neglect degree are respectively 43.3 and 42.3(P<0.05),frequencies are 31.5% and 26.2%(P<0.05) for males and females groups;for Pupils aged 9-11, the average neglect degree are 43.6 and 40.5(P<0.01),frequencies are 34.8% and 22.7%(P<0.01) for males and females groups respectively. For six neglect types, frequencies was 2.0%-12.7% and no significant difference was found between males and females groups in five neglect types(with the exception of emotional neglect) (P>0.05) for pupils aged 6-8 and frequencies was respectively 10.1%-15.1% for pupils aged 9-11 and significant difference was found between males and females groups in all neglect types (P<0.01). All pupils suffer neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types (frequency being 12.4%, the constituent ratio 51.2% for pupils aged 6-8 and frequency 17.9%, the constituent ratio 55.2% for pupils aged 9-11). The highest neglect frequency happens in single-parent families for pupils aged 6-8 (33.3%) and in remarry-parent families for pupils aged 9-11(47.1%);lowest in large family with three generations(22.3% and 22.7% respectively for pupils aged 6-8 and 9-11). Conclusion Neglect degree and frequency of urban pupils aged 6-11 in cities of China are high, Male children have higher neglect degree and frequency than females. Pupils suffer neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types. The highest neglect frequency happens in single-parent families and in remarry-parent families.